Effects of abdominal breathing exercises at different periods on the gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of abdominal breathing exercises at different periods on the gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life and proton pump inhibitor dependency in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To provide reference for patients to choose the best time for abdominal breathing exercises.Methods:This was a prospective study. From March 2020 to December 2021, totally 108 GERD patients were collected in digestive outpatient clinic of Yibin Hospital of Chinese Medicine Hospital by convenient sampling method, they were randomly divided into pre meal group, 1 h postprandial group and 2 h postprandial group with 36 cases in each group. All patients in the three groups were given abdominal breathing training for 8 weeks on the basis of conventional acid suppression drug treatment and nursing. The training time of pre meal group, 1 h postprandial group and 2 h postprandial group was at 30 min before meal, 1 h after meal, 2 h after meal, respectively. Before and after 8 weeks of intervention, the difference of gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life were assessed by Reflux Disease Ouestionnaire (RDQ) and the MOS 36 Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Patients followed up for 12 weeks after drug withdrawal, the medication of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) between three groups were compared.Results:There was no significant difference in RDQ score and SF-36 score among the three groups before intervention ( P>0.05). After intervention, the symptom scores were (7.89 ± 1.86) in the 1 h postprandial group, lower than in the pre meal group (10.38 ± 1.81) and in the 2 h postprandial group (9.64 ± 1.65), the difference was statistically significant ( t = 5.83, 4.06, both P<0.01). The scores of each demensions in SF-36 were higher in the 1 h postprandial group compared to the pre meal group and the 2 h postprandial group, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.04-3.70, all P<0.05). After followed up for 12 weeks, the PPI discontinuation rate was 71.43% in the 1 h postprandial group, higher than in the pre meal group 44.12% and in the 2 h postprandial group 45.45%, the differences were statistically significant ( χ2 = 5.28, 4.73, both P<0.05). Conclusions:Abdominal breathing exercises at 1 hour after meal can effectively alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms, promote quality of life and decrease the proton pump inhibitor dependency of GERD patients.

Network Meta-analysis of Efficacy of Five Classical Prescriptions for Acute Attack of Asthma in Children / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo compare and evaluate the clinical efficacy of five classical prescriptions for acute attack of bronchial asthma （BA） and cough variant asthma （CVA） in children， and to further compare and assess the effect of them on cold-induced asthma or heat-induced asthma. MethodRandomized controlled trials （RCT） on the treatment of acute attack of asthma with five classical prescriptions （Sanzi Yangqintang， Maxing Shigantang， Shegan Mahuangtang， Xiao Qinglongtang， and Dingchuantang） were retrieved from China Science and Technology Journal Database （VIP）， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， and Wanfang Data （from establishment to August 15， 2021）. The eligible RCT were evaluated and the data were extracted for network Meta-analysis by Stata 16.0. ResultA total of eligible 47 RCT were screened out， involving 5 114 children with acute attack of asthma and 10 intervention measures. Among them， 16 RCT （1 912 children， 6 intervention measures） were about the cold-induced asthma and 10 RCT （1 054 cases， 4 intervention measures） focused on the heat-induced asthma. According to the Meta-analysis， among the 10 interventions， Maxing Shigantang + routine treatment of western medicine demonstrated the most significant effect， and the effect of the interventions was in the following order： Maxing Shigantang + routine treatment of western medicine > routine treatment of western medicine， Shegan Mahuangtang + routine treatment of western medicine> Xiao Qinglongtang + routine treatment of western medicine > Shegan Mahuangtang > Dingchuantang + routine treatment of western medicine. For the cold-induced asthma， the effect of Shegan Mahuangtang + routine treatment of western medicine was remarkable， and for the heat-induced asthma， the corresponding intervention was Dingchuantang + routine treatment of western medicine. Shegan Mahuangtang was outstanding in improving the percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second in predicted value （FEV1%）. ConclusionThe combination of western medicine with the five prescriptions was more effective than the western medicine alone， particularly the combination with Maxing Shigantang. The combination of Shegan Mahuangtang and western medicine was outstanding in the treatment of cold-induced asthma， while the corresponding intervention for heat-induced asthma was the combination of Dingchuantang and western medicine. However， a large number of RCT with scientific design and higher quality are still needed to verify the conclusion.

Effect and Mechanism of Sangmei Zhike Granule on Airway Inflammation in Rats with Cough Variant Asthma / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effect and mechanism of Sangmei Zhike granule （SMZK） on airway inflammation in rats with cough variant asthma（CVA）. MethodSix-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， and SMZK （2.48 g·kg-1） group. The rats in the model group and the SMZK group received intraperitoneal injection of a mixed solution containing 10% ovalbumin （OVA） and aluminium hydroxide on the 1st and 8th days and aerosol inhalation of 1% OVA solution from the 15th day for CVA model induction. The intervention lasted for two weeks from the 15th day. At the end of animal manipulation， the lung function was detected and inflammatory cells in the peripheral blood were counted. The serum interleukin-4 （IL-4）， interleukin-5 （IL-5）， and interleukin-10 （IL-10） levels were determined. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed on the lungs. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） and its inhibitor α（IκBα） in lung tissues. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed reduced forced expiratory volume in the first 0.1 second （FEV0.1），FEV0.1/forced vital capacity （FVC），and forced expiratory flow 50% （FEF50%） （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased white blood cells and eosinophils （P<0.01）， and up-regulated serum IL-4， IL-5， and IL-10 （P<0.01）. As revealed by HE staining， the model group displayed shed epithelial cells of the bronchus， airway stenosis， hyperplasia and expansion of mucous glands， disarrangement of layer structures， disorderly arranged cells， and extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells. The protein expression of NF-κB p65 was higher （P<0.01） and that of IκBα was lower （P<0.01） in the lung tissues of the model group than that in the normal group. Compared with the model group， the SMZK group showed increased FEV0.1，FEV0.1/FVC，and FEF50% （P<0.05）， decreased white blood cells and eosinophils in the peripheral blood （P<0.01）， and declining serum IL-4， IL-5， IL-10 （P<0.01）. HE staining demonstrated mild bronchial mucosal injury and relieved inflammatory cell infiltration， gland hyperplasia， and epithelial degeneration and necrosis in the SMZK group. The protein expression of NF-κB p65 was decreased （P<0.05） and that of IκBα was increased （P<0.05） in lung tissues of the SMZK group than that in the model group. ConclusionSMZK can improve lung function and inhibit airway inflammation in rats with CVA. The underlying mechanism may be related to the regulation of IκBα/NF-κB protein expression in the lungs.

Therapeutic Effect and Antioxidant Mechanism of Xiaochuanning Granule on Psychological Stress Related Asthma in Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the therapeutic effect and antioxidant mechanism of Xiaochuanning granule on psychological stress-related asthma in rats. MethodThe 6-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group， asthma group， stress group， stress-related asthma group， western medicine group （atomization of budesonide suspension） and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） group （Xiaochuanning granule 2.48 g·kg-1）. The asthma model was established during 28 days by intraperitoneal injection of 10% ovalbumin（OVA）on the 1st and 8th days and inhaling of vapourized 1% OVA started at the 15th day. Stress group， stress-related asthma group， western medicine group and TCM group were given restraint stimulation during the 28 days to establish the psychological stress-related asthma model. Rats in each group were administered with corresponding drug for 14 days from the 15th day. The sucrose preference test and open field test were performed at the 15th and 28th days. At the end of experiment， the body weight， serum interleukin-4 （IL-4）， interleukin-5 （IL-5） and interleukin-13 （IL-13） levels， as well as the levels of malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione （GSH） in lung tissues were detected by assay kits. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was conducted to observe the pathological changes in lung tissues. Meanwhile， Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） and hemeoxygenase-1 （HO-1） in lung tissues. ResultCompared with the stress-related asthma group， the body weight， sugar water consumption rate and open field distance in the TCM group were significantly increased （P<0.05）， and the serum IL-4， IL-5， IL-13 levels were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， the levels of SOD and GSH in lung tissues increased significantly （P<0.05）， while the level of MDA decreased significantly （P<0.05）. HE staining showed that the bronchial mucosal injury， inflammatory cell infiltration， gland hyperplasia， epithelial degeneration and necrosis were significantly ameliorated in the TCM group than in the stress-related asthma group. The expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein in lung tissues also increased significantly （P<0.05）. ConclusionXiaochuanning Granule can regulate the psychological stress state of stress-related asthmatic rats， alleviate airway inflammatory reaction， and suppress oxidation， which is related to its up-regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 protein expression.

Effect of Baofeikang Granule on Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats by Regulating Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the intervention effect of Baofeikang granule （BFK） on the rat model of pulmonary fibrosis through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. MethodAfter adaptive feeding for one week， 50 healthy rats were randomly divided into a blank group （n=8） and an experimental group （n=42）. After anesthesia， the rats in the experimental group were injected with bleomycin sulfate solution （5 mg·kg-1） into the trachea for the induction of the pulmonary fibrosis model. Those in the blank group were injected with the same amount of normal saline under the same manipulation. On the 7th day after modeling， one of the remaining 33 rats alive was randomly removed， and the other 32 model rats were assigned into a model group （n=8）， a prednisone acetate （1.17 mg·kg-1） group （n=8）， a low-dose BFK （13.59 g·kg-1） group （n=8）， and a high-dose BFK （27.18 g·kg-1） group （n=8）. The rats in the groups with drug intervention were treated correspondingly by gavage once per day for 21 days， and those in the blank group and the model group received the same amount of normal saline. The pulmonary compliance and ventilatory function， the scores of pathological changes and fibrosis， the levels of type Ⅰ collagen （Col Ⅰ） in lung tissues and hydroxyproline （HYP） in the serum， and the relative expression of Wnt3a and β-catenin protein in lung tissues were compared. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed reduced pulmonary function indexes， such as forced vital capacity （FVC）， peak expiratory flow （PEF）， the resistance of lung （RL）， and dynamic compliance （Cdyn） （P<0.05， P<0.01）， severely damaged lung tissue morphology， massive formed continuous fibrous foci， increased fibrosis score （P<0.01）， elevated levels of Col Ⅰ in lung tissues and HYP in the serum （P<0.01）， and up-regulated expression of Wnt3a and β-catenin （P<0.01）. FVC， PEF， and Cdyn levels in the prednisone acetate group and the BFK groups were higher than those in the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Pathological changes were improved in the groups with drug intervention， and fibrosis scores were decreased as compared with the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The scores in the BFK groups were lower than that in the prednisone acetate group （P<0.01）. The levels of Col Ⅰ and HYP in the groups with drug intervention were lower than those in the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The level of Col Ⅰ in the prednisone acetate group was higher than that in the high-dose BFK group （P<0.01）. The levels of serum HYP in the BFK groups was lower than that in the prednisone acetate group （P<0.01）. The protein expression of Wnt3a in lung tissues of the high-dose BFK group was lower than that of the model group （P<0.05）. The protein expression of β-catenin in the prednisone acetate group and the BFK groups was lower than that in the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the expression level in the high-dose BFK group was lower than that in the prednisone acetate group （P<0.01）. ConclusionBFK can relieve bleomycin sulfate-induced pulmonary fibrosis， reduce collagen deposition， improve pulmonary compliance， and enhance pulmonary ventilatory function in rats. One of its mechanisms is presumedly the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Mechanism of Xiaochuanning Granules in Treatment of Bronchial Asthma via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the underlying molecular mechanism of Xiaochuanning granules in the treatment of bronchial asthma based on the network pharmacology and experimental verification through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway on ovalbumin （OVA） sensitization-induced bronchial asthma model in rats. MethodThe main active ingredients and targets of Xiaochuanning Granules were screened out from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP） and Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine （BATMAN-TCM）. The targets related to bronchial asthma were obtained from five disease databases such as GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM）. The common targets were screened out through the Venn diagram. STRING was used to construct the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network of "compound-disease"， and Cytoscape 3.8.0 was used to establish a network of key active ingredients of Xiaochuanning granules and core target genes （"ingredient-gene" network）. Gene Ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analyses were performed through DAVID. The bronchial asthma model was induced by OVA stimulation in rats. Bronchial and lung tissue inflammation was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and the enrichment analysis results of the network pharmacology were verified by Western blot. ResultIn this experiment， 232 active ingredients and 4 687 related targets of Xiaochuanning granules were screened out， and 233 common targets of Xiaochuanning granules and bronchial asthma were collected， including eosinophil-derived neurotoxin 1 （EDN1）， cyclic AMP response element-binding protein 1 （CREB1）， cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A （CDKN1A）， epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 （MAPK14）， and Akt1. KEGG pathway analysis revealed 186 related signaling pathways， indicating that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway presumedly played a key role in the treatment of bronchial asthma by Xiaochuanning granules. The animal experiment showed that Xiaochuanning granules relieved the airway inflammation and smooth muscle hyperplasia in rats and down-regulated the gene expression of PI3K and Akt as compared with the conditions in the model group （P<0.05）. ConclusionXiaochuanning granules have the characteristics of multi-component， multi-target， and multi-pathway synergistic effect in the treatment of asthma. Xiaochuanning granules may exert anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the expression of genes related to the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The present study is expected to provide a theoretical basis for follow-up in-depth research on the complex mechanism of Xiaochuanning granules in the treatment of bronchial asthma.

Effect of Baofeikang Granules on PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in Pulmonary Fibrosis： Prediction Based on Network Pharmacology and Verification Based on Animal Experiment / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the targets and mechanism of Baofeikang granules in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis based on network pharmacology and verify the predicted mechanism based on animal experiment. MethodThe active ingredients and targets of Baofeikang granules were screened via the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform， and the targets of pulmonary fibrosis were searched in various disease databases. The common targets shared by Baofeikang granules and the disease were extracted for the establishment of the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network in STRING. Cytoscape 3.8.0 was used to analyze the network topology of the key targets and to establish the ''active ingredient-target'' network. Gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analyses were performed on the core targets to explore their possible molecular mechanisms. The rats were assigned into four groups： normal group， model group， prednisone acetate group， and Baofeikang granules group. The rat model of interstitial lung fibrosis was established by tracheal instillation of bleomycin. After 21 days of gavage， the lung tissues of rats were stained with hemotoxylin and eosin （HE） for the observation of morphological changes， and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K） and protein kinase B （Akt） were detected via immunohistochemical （IHC） staining. ResultBased on network pharmacology， 18 key targets of Baofeikang granules were identified for the treatment of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis， including Akt1， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） 1， myelocytomatosis oncogene （MYC）， hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α）， cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A （CDKN1A）， epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， and Runt-related transcription factor （RUNX2）. KEGG pathway enrichment predicted that Baofeikang granules exerted anti-fibrotic effect mainly through PI3K/Akt， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）， and interleukin-17 （IL-17） signaling pathways. The IHC results in animal experiment showed that the protein levels of PI3K and Akt were lower in the Baofeikang granules group than in the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionBaofeikang granules has low toxicity， multiple targets， and multiple pathways in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. It may alleviate pulmonary fibrosis through regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， so as to improve the lung function.

Effect of Baofeikang Granules on PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in Pulmonary Fibrosis： Prediction Based on Network Pharmacology and Verification Based on Animal Experiment / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the targets and mechanism of Baofeikang granules in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis based on network pharmacology and verify the predicted mechanism based on animal experiment. MethodThe active ingredients and targets of Baofeikang granules were screened via the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform， and the targets of pulmonary fibrosis were searched in various disease databases. The common targets shared by Baofeikang granules and the disease were extracted for the establishment of the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network in STRING. Cytoscape 3.8.0 was used to analyze the network topology of the key targets and to establish the ''active ingredient-target'' network. Gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analyses were performed on the core targets to explore their possible molecular mechanisms. The rats were assigned into four groups： normal group， model group， prednisone acetate group， and Baofeikang granules group. The rat model of interstitial lung fibrosis was established by tracheal instillation of bleomycin. After 21 days of gavage， the lung tissues of rats were stained with hemotoxylin and eosin （HE） for the observation of morphological changes， and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K） and protein kinase B （Akt） were detected via immunohistochemical （IHC） staining. ResultBased on network pharmacology， 18 key targets of Baofeikang granules were identified for the treatment of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis， including Akt1， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） 1， myelocytomatosis oncogene （MYC）， hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α）， cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A （CDKN1A）， epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， and Runt-related transcription factor （RUNX2）. KEGG pathway enrichment predicted that Baofeikang granules exerted anti-fibrotic effect mainly through PI3K/Akt， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）， and interleukin-17 （IL-17） signaling pathways. The IHC results in animal experiment showed that the protein levels of PI3K and Akt were lower in the Baofeikang granules group than in the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionBaofeikang granules has low toxicity， multiple targets， and multiple pathways in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. It may alleviate pulmonary fibrosis through regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， so as to improve the lung function.

Research of the behavior training in perioperative period rapid rehabilitation nursing model for patients with lung cancer / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of integrating behavioral training into rapid rehabilitation process to improve the postoperative prognosis of patients with lung cancer.Methods:From January 2017 to December 2018, 152 patients with lung cancer were selected and randomly divided into two groups. 75 patients were in the control group and managed according to the routine rapid rehabilitation nursing process in the perioperative period. 77 patients were in the research group, which were managed with behavioral training integrated into routine rehabilitation nursing. The intervention effect was compared between the two groups.Results:The recovery time of bowel sounds in the study group was (21.9±2.1) h, which was shorter than that of the control group (26.4±3.2) h ( t value was 14.242, P<0.05). The time of getting up from bed was (12.5±2.1) h in the research group, which was shorter than that of the control group (20.5±1.5) h ( t value was 13.753, P<0.05). After 24 h of the operation, the score of Visual Analogue Scale of the research group was 5.6±0.3 and 5.9±0.2 in the control group. The score of the study group was better than the control group ( t value was 15.353, P<0.05). Conclusions:For patients with lung cancer receiving surgical treatment, integration of behavioral training into rapid rehabilitation nursing can effectively promote the recovery, accelerate the recovery of respiratory function, improve the quality of life and reduce complications.

Effects of pain on fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: multiple mediating effects of negative emotions and insomnia / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To understand the relationship between pain, negative emotions (anxiety and depression), insomnia and fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and explore the multiple mediating effects of negative emotions and insomnia on pain and fatigue.Methods:A total of 240 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were selected from Northern Theater General Hospital from October 2018 to January 2019. The general questionnaire, Bristol Rheumatoid Arthritis Fatigue Multi-Dimensional Questionnaire,Visual Analogue Scale,The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Asens Insomnia Scale were used to investigate the demographic data, fatigue, pain, anxiety, depression, and insomnia, respectively. SPSS 20.0 was used for correlation analysis, and Mplus 7.0 was used for mediation analysis.Results:The fatigue score of patients with rheumatoid arthritis was (28.88±14.89), which was moderate. The score of Visual Analogue Scale was 4(2-7), the score of insomnia was 7(3-11), the score of anxiety was 5(3-8), the score of depression was 7(4-11). There was a positive correlation between fatigue and pain, negative emotion and insomnia ( r values were 0.432-0.950, P<0.01). Negative emotions and insomnia had a partial mediating effect between pain and fatigue, with mediating effects accounting for 56.44% of the total effect. Conclusions:The fatigue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis is moderate; fatigue is associated with pain, negative emotions, and insomnia; negative emotions and insomnia have multiple mediating effects between pain and fatigue.

Effect of RIM21 gene disruption on flocculation of lager yeast / 生物工程学报

Lager yeast is the most popular yeast strain used for beer production in China. The flocculation of yeast plays an important role in cell separation at the end of fermentation. Therefore, appropriately enhancing the flocculation capability of the lager yeast without affecting its fermentation performance would be desirable for beer industry. Our previous study showed that the defect of gene RIM21 might contribute to the enhanced flocculation capability of a lager yeast G03. To further investigate the role of the RIM21 gene in flocculation of strain G03, this study constructed a RIM21-deleted mutant strain G03-RIM21Δ through homologous recombination. Deletion of RIM21 improved the flocculation capability of strain G03 during wort fermentation at 11 °C without changing its fermentation performance significantly. The expression of FLO5, Lg-FLO1 and some other genes involved in cell wall integrity pathway were up-regulated in strain G03-RIM21Δ. In addition, the disruption of RIM21 enhanced resistance of yeast cells to cell wall inhibitors. These results provide a basis for elucidating the flocculation mechanism of lager yeast under low-temperature fermentation conditions.

Application of latent class analysis in fatigue symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:Use latent class analysis to classify fatigue symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and to explore differences in demographic and disease-related characteristics in different fatigue categories.Methods:Convenient sampling was used to select 250 rheumatoid arthritis patients in Northern Theater General Hospital, and the patients were investigated by a general questionnaire and Bristol Rheumatoid Arthritis Fatigue Multi-Dimensional Questionnaire.Results:The symptoms of fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis were divided into 3 categories ( P<0.05). According to the conditional probability of each category, they were named as no or mild fatigue (62, 25.1%), moderate fatigue (113, 45.7%) and severe fatigue (72, 29.1%). Joint pain and use of biological agents were major factors influencing fatigue( P<0.05). Conclusions:Joint pain and the use of biologics affect fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis patients. It is recommended that health caregivers pay attention to patients with high pain scores and not using biologics, and give corresponding nursing interventions according to the degree of fatigue.

Effect of Tangnaikang on Imbalance Between NE and α1-AT in Spontaneous Type 2 Diabetic Mouse / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To observe the regulatory effect of Tangnaikang (TNK) on imbalance between neutrophil elastase (NE) and α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) in ob/ob mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Method: Thirty-two male SPF ob/ob mice were randomly divided into model group (DM, normal saline) and high-dose TNK group (TNKH, TNK solution 16.04 g·kg-1), middle-dose TNK group (TNKM, TNK solution 8.02 g·kg-1) and low-dose TNK group (TNKL, TNK solution 4.01 g·kg-1). Another 8 C57BL/6J mice were included in normal group (Con, saline). The experiment lasted for four weeks. The general state, body weight (BW) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) of the mice were recorded weekly, the oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) test was performed on the 25th day, the insulin tolerance (ITT) test was performed on the 27th day, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. After the end of the experiment, serum was used to detect the level of fasting insulin (Fins), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), total triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), NE and α1-AT. Adipose tissue was used to detect the expressions of NE, α1-AT, phosphor-insulin receptor substrate 1 antibody (p-IRS1) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) proteins. Result: Compared with the Con group, the BW of the ob/ob mice of the model group increased significantly, the glucose and lipid metabolism indexes showed diabetes, the serum and adipose tissue NE increased significantly (Pα1-AT decreased significantly (PPPogtt and AUCITT were significantly decreased (PPα1-AT increased significantly (PPConclusion: TNK can reduce the BW of ob/ob mice, improve glycolipid metabolism, increase α1-AT level, decrease NE level, and regulate IRS1-GLUT4 signaling pathway, which may be one of its mechanisms in improving IR of adipose tissue mediated by neutrophil.

Mechanism of Salidroside in Improving Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Liver of Diabetic Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To explore the mechanism of salidroside(SAL) in improving glucose and lipid metabolism in liver of diabetic rats. Method: According to blood glucose, 24 male ZDF(fa/fa) rats of 6-7 week old were randomly divided into model group, SAL-low group (0.05 g·kg-1), SAL-high group (0.1 g·kg-1), 8 rats in each group. Another 8 ZDF (fa/+) rats were selected as normal group. All the rats were administered continuously for 6 weeks. After experiment, fasting blood glucose(FBG), triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), free fatty acids(FFA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), fasting insulin(Fins), and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) were measured. Western blot was used to detect phosphorylated PKR-like ER kinase(p-PERK), NF-E2-relatedfactor2(Nrf2), heme oxidase-1(HO-1) protein expression levels in liver. Result: As compared with normal group, FBG, Fins, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, FFA, and MDA were increased significantly in model group (P PPPPPPPPPPPConclusion: The Salidroside can improve metabolism of glucose and lipid, IR in diabetic rats, and the mechanism may be associated with inhabiting oxidative stress through the up-regulation of p-PERK, Nrf2, and HO-1 protein expression.

Regulations of RLM1 gene affect the anti-autolytic ability of lager yeast / 生物工程学报

The autolysis of brewer's yeast seriously affects the quality of beer and the quality of yeast is considered as one of the key factors in beer brewing. Previous studies on brewer's yeast autolysis showed that RLM1 gene, an important transcription factor in cell integrity pathway, is closely related to the autolysis of yeast. In this study, RLM1 was knocked out and overexpressed in a haploid brewer's yeast. RLM1 disruption resulted in poor anti-autolysis performance of yeast, whereas overexpression of RLM1 contributed to the anti-autolytic ability of yeast. In addition, RLM1 gene knockout affected the osmotic stress resistance, cell wall damage resistance, nitrogen starvation resistance and temperature tolerance of yeast strain. The transcriptional level of GAS1 involved in cell wall assembly and DNA damage response was regulated along with the expression of RLM1, whereas other genes in CWI pathway did not show apparent regularity. RLM1 might mainly affect the expression of GAS1 so as to improve the stress resistance of lager yeast in harsh environment. The result from this study help further understand the mechanism of yeast autolysis and lay a foundation for breeding brewer's yeast strain with better anti-autolytic ability.

Effects of Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets Combined with Metformin on Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle of Diabetic Rats / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe effects of Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets combined with metformin in insulin resistance (IR); To discuss its mechanism of action. Methods 6–7 week old male ZDF (fa/fa) rats were randomly divided into model group,metformin group,Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets group(Jiangtang Tablets group),and metformin combined with Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets group.ZDF(fa/+)rats were chosen as normal group.Each medication group was given relevant medicine for gavage for 6 weeks. Body weight, FBG, TG, TC, FFA, FINS, HOMA-IR, OGTT and HE staining were tested. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of skeletal muscle. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect skeletal muscle corresponding gene and protein expression. Results Compared with Jiangtang Tablets group and metformin group, TC, FFA, FBG, and HOMA-IR in metformin combined with Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets group decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01). Blood glucose level and AUC significantly decreased at each time point in OGTT. HE staining of skeletal muscle fibers arranged in order; nucleus increased and internal movement was not significant, without obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells. Expressions of skeletal muscle InsR, Akt, and Glut4 mRNA expression increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Expressions of skeletal muscle p-InsR, p-Akt, and Glut4 protein expression increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets combined with metformin can improve IR in type 2 diabetic rats, and the effect is better than single-application.

Effects of Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets Combined with Metformin on Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle of Diabetic Rats / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe effects of Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets combined with metformin in insulin resistance (IR); To discuss its mechanism of action. Methods 6–7 week old male ZDF (fa/fa) rats were randomly divided into model group,metformin group,Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets group(Jiangtang Tablets group),and metformin combined with Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets group.ZDF(fa/+)rats were chosen as normal group.Each medication group was given relevant medicine for gavage for 6 weeks. Body weight, FBG, TG, TC, FFA, FINS, HOMA-IR, OGTT and HE staining were tested. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of skeletal muscle. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect skeletal muscle corresponding gene and protein expression. Results Compared with Jiangtang Tablets group and metformin group, TC, FFA, FBG, and HOMA-IR in metformin combined with Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets group decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01). Blood glucose level and AUC significantly decreased at each time point in OGTT. HE staining of skeletal muscle fibers arranged in order; nucleus increased and internal movement was not significant, without obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells. Expressions of skeletal muscle InsR, Akt, and Glut4 mRNA expression increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Expressions of skeletal muscle p-InsR, p-Akt, and Glut4 protein expression increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets combined with metformin can improve IR in type 2 diabetic rats, and the effect is better than single-application.

The Mechanism Behind the Effects of Oleuropein on Insulin Resistance in the Liver in db/db Mice / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism behind the effects of oleuropein (OL) on improving insulin resistance in obese db/db mice.Twelve 6-to 8-week-old male db/db mice were randomly divided into the model group and the OL group with 6 in each group according to their levels of blood glucose and body weight,while six C57BL/6J mice with the same age were made up for the normal group.Mice of the OL group was intragastrically administered with (50 mg·kg-1) once a day.The mice of the other groups were treated with the saline solution with the same dosage.After treatment for four weeks,OGTT test was carried out,while fast blood glucose and serum insulin were tested.RT-PCT and western blot were used to quantify the mRNA and protein expressions of certain targets in the liver.As a result,it was found that the body weight,fast blood glucose,serum insulin level and insulin resistance index were significantly decreased in the mice of the OL group when compared with model group after the treatment for 4 weeks (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Plasma glucose levels at each time point of OGTT tests were lower in the mice of the OL group than those of the model group (P＜0.01).The mRNA and protein expressions of InsR,IRS-1 and GLUT-2 in the mice of the OL group increased significantly (P＜0.01).In conclusion,it was demonstrated that oleuropein may reduce the blood glucose and improve the insulin resistance in db/db mice through up-regulating the mRNA and protein expressions of InsR,IRS-1 and GLUT-2 in the liver.

Effects of Kaempferol on the Skeletal Muscle of KKAy Mice via PI3K-AKT-GLUT4 Signaling / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study aimed to investigate the effects of kaempferol on the skeletal muscle of KKAy mice via PI3K-AKT-GLUT4 signaling.Spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKAy mice were made up for the model group.After 6-week treatment of kaempferol by intragastric administration,key targets of PI3K-AKT-GLUT4 signaling were detected using biochemical and immunohistochemical technique,and western blot.It was found that the body weight,fast blood glucose and random blood glucose were decreased after kaempferol administration.ITT results show that blood glucose at 30 min after injecting insulin and the area under the curve drop were reduced in the kaempferol group,and so was the insulin resistance index in the kaempferol group.In addition,the mRNA expressions of PI3K,AKT and GLUT4 in the kaempferol group increased significantly,while the protein levels of AKT and GLUT4 were up-regulated by kaempferol administration.It was concluded that kaempferol can significantly regulate the blood glucose,body weight and insulin resistance in mice through activating the PI3K-AKT-GLUT4 signaling.

Impacts of Cyclocarya Paliurus Polysaccharide on Insulin Signaling Pathway in H4IIE Liver Cells / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study aimed to explore the impacts of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide (CP) on insulin signal pathway in liver cells.H4IIE liver cells of rat that cultivated for 72 h were made up for the model group.H4IIE cells at 70％-80％ confluence were exposed to various concentrations of CP,including 50,100,200 and 400 μg·mL 1,for measuring cell viability using Neutral Red.Based on the results of cell viability,H4IIE cells were divided into the control group,the insulin group (100 nmol·L-1),the low dose CP group (the LCP group,200 μg· mL-1) and the high dose CP group (the HCP group,400 μg· mL-1).After the cultivation of cells for 2 h,mRNA levels were measured by real-time RT-PCR,while phosphorylation levels of target proteins were detected by western blot after the treatment for 30 min.It was found that the cell viability indexes in the cells administered by 100,200 and 400 μg·mL-1 CP increased significantly compared with the control group (P＜0.01).After the administration for 2 h,InsR and IRS-2 mRNA expressions in the insulin group,the LCP group and the HCP group increased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).After the administration for 30 min,phosphorylation levels of InsRβ,IRS-2 and Akt in the insulin group were higher than those in the HCP group (P＜0.01).In conclusion,CP probably increased the cell viability of H4IIE cells,and improved the blood glucose index through enhancing the mRNA expressions of InsR and IRS-2 and the phosphorylation levels of InsRβ,IRS-2 and Akt in the liver.